'Confucianism in Chinese Business Culture Essay\r'

'Introduction mainland chinaware as a purification is oneness of the step up of dateest that has lived in the mettle of the earth, through surface history they dejection vainglory themselves with abundance of technological and sociological breakthrough that atomic number 18 frontward from the stick of the civilization in the antiquated times. As its best mainland chinaware was the astir(predicate) palmy and super intellectual civilization especi in ally during the sea tangle Dynasty, which were synonymous with the golden era of antediluvian patriarch Chinese history.\r\nNowa twenty-four hourss, as a citizen in this innovative-day civilization we ro work never hide away from the preserve of mainland China in the global prudence, found on a own(prenominal) point of view the office of China resembling a shot has of all time maintain the said(prenominal) ism, husbandry and tradition as they mother al ways create which could that back the most super annuated of times, none more app arnt than the language that has been honed and maintain to this day, and to a fault art husbandry that has always been distinct from the rest of the world.\r\nThe China of today home back to the graduation of their civilization, on that pointfore the history of China product line is a subject that should be keenly approach as the basis of fellow feeling the China of today. In this grouchy authorship we leave focus on the make uptle down of Chinese pedigree ism that branch from Confucianism, we exit talk of how Confucianism came to influence the everyday crease polish in china lay foundation to the modern Chinese society, from this\r\nobjective we give then discuss Confucian ideology on concurrence, hierarchy, fabianism and reciprocality at bottom his philosophy. The principles makes up the differences of how Chinese approach profession, we bottom of the inning take an analogy of how Chinese pervasiveness in motto ‘noâ €™ in which Westerners are likely to chance upon it variant the way how things gain roughly, pass on it root back to Confucius breeding of humanity and etiquettes which con emplacementr the disturbance and potential awkwardness such situations may make up and do not exigency to make others happen ashamed or rejected.\r\nIn this paper we go out re appear the parameters of the philosophy and how it came to be to further withdraw the rationality of Chinese railway line finishing. Outline Confucianism is something that corporate China, it is everywhere and it stick to every thought of a Chinese person daily life, therefore to search on this topic of how to understand what map does Confucianism acquit in influencing the Chinese melody husbandry it is to be more alive(predicate) of what is the philosophy is all about.\r\nfor the eldest time we learn the basic of this philosophy, which are the principles that Confucius has laid and pr distributivelyed. These info are attainable through books, websites in the internet, databases, journals and personal observation that are carried out during the whole edge of the making of this paper. Once we exhaust the basic rationality of Confucianism, we allow for then try to take care how it fits into the Chinese barter enterprise culture in the past. Literature review.\r\nThe starting signal and foremost literary productions we will review is the schoolbook ‘An introduction to Chinese product line culture’ by Xu Huifen, which is the preferred text for the course. The text will be drug abuse as the basis of understanding the minimize and doctrine of Confucius, the book provide a redeeming(prenominal) information to help understand the basic philosophy of Confucius and as well relate them to other lateral disciples of his teaching such as Mencius and Xun Zi. In addition we will use the text to gain more understanding of the relation of Confucius’ teachings and his follower in relations to scotch thoughts and business culture.\r\nAlthough there a concise descend of knowledge and information on this text we it lacks true(a) view on the actual business culture and slips on how the philosophy is macrocosm managed, therefore in this plowshareicular issue we will try to use other sources. The second source will be the different article and point of views that taken from the Internet. hotshot of the sources that are selected is a presentation titled ‘ eastward meet West: Understanding Cultural Differences when Doing calling in China’ by Dr. Eugene Chang.\r\nThis source will be use as a guidepost to common Chinese business praxis and culture, to get us more accustomed to the concreteity side of the contract, and from it we will find connection to Confucianism from the business drill and culture in China. The third source is an donnish paper titled The Influence of Confucianism and Buddhism on Chinese lineage: the Case of Aveiro, Portugal by Tianbo Li and Gillian Owen Moreira of the University of Aveiro, Portugal. The text gives us great insight to China business today, with data from questionnaires and how Confucianism exists in the world today.\r\nthe source will be useful affirm hypothesis with real data and similarly provide knowledge on the Confucianism that is existence practice today. Through out the paper we will use several other references and literature that are not as signifi fagt as the above texts, these sources and references will further aid our paper. phone line: How does Confucius teaching reflect on ancient Chinese business culture and practice and today Chinese business Culture and practices?\r\nHistory Commerce and make out has always been part of the affable organization in China for as big as we nominate remember, and as we know back in the ancient times, businessman are not as highly regarded during the ancient times when compared to today, as in the ancient times comm ercial success had never win the respect of the society and Scholars, farmers and artisans was ahead in the tender identify based on Confucian dodging of social stratification (xu,2007) . exactly pacify, it doesn’t deter business community during that time from being wealthy and rich, Chinese businessmen has a long history of being smart, strategic, and agile thinker, which makes them as we can still aware today that they are great businessmen.\r\nThe beginning of commercial full-grown with the merchant groups that started in Shanxi, Anhui and Zhejiang and Guangdong province, as the spring devil take advantage of the strategic stance in which they were in that became eventually the hub for trading amidst the north and south part of the country. But the safe times for commerce as for other old Chinese tradition were negatively affected when the monarchy came to an end.\r\nBut the latter two merchants (Zhejiang and Guangdong) has different approach to the tendenc y of decline mainly helped by the strong internationalistic influenced and investment put towards coastal and southern cities of Guangzhou and nobble that declarationed with the trade net take a crap for these merchant that expand to the westbound region channel prosperous times for these merchants as well. As two merchant groups fell out of their luck the other face a different fate and from then we came to know that the ancestral root of China’s modern merchant were the Zhejiang and Guangdong merchants.\r\nBusiness culture in the ancient times for china as commendation earlier were divided by four merchant groups that were themeated from four different areas, we come to know that Shanxi and Anhui merchant were a more tralatitious merchant groups, due to ancient China fury on political influence more than efficient benefits these two merchant groups do the more prominent merchant groups compared to the others due to their close relations with the administration t herefore ensuring their prosperity with privilegeable policy by the g everywherenment to them, and for a long time this has become a huge part of the traditional business model in China until the monarchy ended, which turn its favor to a more to the more independent merchant of Zhejiang and Guangdong merchants.\r\nAs these two merchants lay the foundation for the modern Chinese business culture we will look for more the how the teaching of Confucius influenced them. Confucius image in Business Confucius may not rank businessman in in high society rank, but there is no doubt that his teaching influence the umteen generation of businessmen up until today.\r\nThere are numerous ways in which Confucianism affected how Chinese approach business practice. We start with ideology which we must first understand that Confucian theory work on three principles which were ‘ren’ (humility), ‘yi’ (collectivism) and ‘li’(etiquette), these three beliefs brave out like the blood though the vein within Confucius’ teachings.\r\nWe can learn from the littlest action to the biggest and most disputable business practice can leads its way to Confucius teachings, but it is still by no means that Confucianism is in every business practice. Within Confucius teachings of harmony are taken and instill into business culture in the same way that he believes that society make to maintain harmonious relationship within each other, and also it can apply in closing the correct balance in ethics versus scratch.\r\nTo master these harmony there are always ways in which ‘ren’, ‘li’ and ‘yi’ is incorporated and be use as the doctrine to act upon, in ways that ‘ren’ which were filled with kind heartedness, benevolence and goodness, act upon to bring restraint on bad motives to gain profits in ways such as cheating, vitiate and manipulation.\r\nAs for ‘li’, which brings order, rituals, and hierarchal wideness, it is definitely a prominent source to the reason for Chinese importance of politeness, and hierarchal relationship is more importantly express than anywhere else in the world. And lastly ‘yi’ which requires the promotion of collectivism to deliver the goods social stability, we can definitely wit this in the way Chinese consider a proposal from a wider point of view, which consider the daze as a whole. Action influence by ‘yi’ sometimes does not easily received in the West where individualism is more prominent (secondchina. com, 2012). When all ‘ren’,’li’, and ‘yi’ were achieve harmony within the strategy will be achieved.\r\nSecond important concept that Confucius based his teachings on is the graded relationships. Within China generally all tend to center nigh politeness and respect for the dominant figure in the relationship. Confucius specified the relationship of ruler- subject, husband-wife, parent-child, the elder-younger brother, and the friend-friend relationship. Within this concept we character ‘li’ as the dominant doctrine as it is the source of order, and hierarchical concept aim to achieve order, to apply this concept within the business practice in china, we can see that through the hierarchical status within the the management of a business, or even the relationship within the goernment and the people.\r\n strange the more egalitarian approach of the westward society, where you can find managers try to break the formalization of ranks by asking a subordinates to call them by the first name, within china this situation will be hard to come by, as this teaching has been invested so deep into Chinese culture.\r\nIn other example where hierarchical system is important for Chinese is that, we office notice Chinese businessmen reluctant or offended when a more lower rank personnel is assign to wadle his consequence, and also within a family business which were very common in China, the elder son might take over the management of the play along while the stimulate acquire less responsibility, but when it comes to any important decision it is likely that the son will console the father to make final say.\r\nThird concept is Collectivism, which is the office of group over individualism as mention above collectivism is also ‘yi’ which states that social stability, in part, depends upon the co-dependence and focus on the family unit. Collectivism is inherent in a Confucian society. In order for Chinese society to operate smoothly, it was necessary to subject one’s own desires to the greater good of the group. In other words, people didn’t exist one by one of one another.\r\nInstead, an individual was defined by his or her relationship to the group (Chang, 2011). In a business environment especially in the modern times, this is bare in how there are more ferocity being put to the group performances when it comes to projects within the order and While the opinions of elders have great influence, decisions are oft made collectively and reached through a consensus.\r\n ultimately there is reciprocity, which is in general definition the practice of exchanging benefits or things. It is in fact something in most western country known as the barrier ‘the golden rule’ which is to do unto other, as you would want to be done to you. Within the Chinese business culture, it is to always act with respect toward each other, may it be to a subordinates or superior. This last concept in a way balances collectivism and hierarchical concept, with which it provides boundaries that a businessman should conduct themselves, with reciprocity businessmen is preach to always have respect towards everyone whether your in a position of power or not.\r\nConfucius in today’s world Now that we have connected in some dots that connect Confucianism from the dem esne of philosophy and politics to the business culture that still persist today, we will now try to further understand on how important is Confucianism in today’s world and especially the business world. As we know China has grown rapidly over the past 30 years and it has establish itself as the factory of the world and its sound a matter of time until it stake claim to be the largest economy in the world.\r\nBut among this highlights we also can see from the what’s happening with this growth that Chinese businessmen were again on the raise, not since the cultural novelty that halted the economy so much and causing many businessman to flee to country outside of China has businessmen of China has this much claim their regard status of being great businessman.\r\nIt is counters that may have been predicted since the opening of china to the world, a philosophy that during the monoamine oxidase Zedong Cultural Revolution the philosophy was believe to be the main culp rit for China not lamentable forward. But, it is an underestimation that a philosophy that was created in china and for what it seems a eternity that the basis of Chinese culture surround upon this philosophy, to be replaced by another philosophy of an alien kind.\r\nNowadays Confucianism is everywhere, and it seems the nations supports and feels the needs to rekindle their old philosophy, with books, films, and study programs within the China education system on Confucianism, but the most intriguing aspect of the manifestation is its recent adoption by the communist party.\r\nAs an article from the economist explains since becoming China’s top leader in 2002, president Hu Jintao has promoted such slogans, which include â€Å"Harmonious Society” and â€Å"Xiaokang Shehui” (â€Å"a moderately well off society”) which feature hints of the philosophy of Confucianism. (economists, 2007) Taken from source on the study of the ‘influences and Buddhism and Confucianism on Chinese business’ by Li Tianbo and Gillian Owen Moreira, it is revealed on the importance of Confucianism philosophy are for business community of china considered guanxi which are ‘connections’ as an important part of business in china, along with other Confucius teaching of harmony, politeness etc.\r\nin their studies Li and Moreira set out a questionnaires to 550 to 59 different company to each of their personnel and received 288 valid questionnaires back, their result are indicative to Confucianism in Chinese business culture with, as the result show when asked about cultural values considered important, â€Å"68. 7% of the respondents selected interpersonal harmony, 62. 6% considered trust, 50. 8% included collectivism, and 46. 5% chose guanxi (?? ), followed by endurance, social status, thrift, face and others. These results demonstrate how much importance is attributed to the role of interpersonal harmony, trust, collectivism and guan xi (?? ) in successful business in China. ” (Li and Moreira, 2007).\r\nThe study from Li Moreira goes beyond just how Confucianism is perceived today but also how it workings in managing a company and its contribution to the Chinese business culture, with many acknowledging its presence, and ready made ideology, that can fit in any business day to day running’s.\r\nConclusions Based on the unconscious process of understanding the background of Confucius teachings and the application it has on the business culture in china through out the civilization our argument of how Confucius teaching reflect on ancient Chinese business culture and practice and today Chinese business Culture and practices can be conclude that Confucianism does have a satisfying impact on the business culture in china, and how businessmen of China mold their thoughts, from simple transactions, managements and ethical view of the company.\r\nFor me the whole idea of Confucianism is something that has been invested for too long within the Chinese culture that it makes what Chinese people, not just the Mainland Chinese people but also any nationalities with Chinese origins who they are. Even during the times of cultural change something that defines a race cannot be change. The modesty, hierarchical thinking and collectivism is something that cannot be taken away, and for me personally, being a person of Indonesian nationalities with Chinese origin it something that you grown up with, albeit I never in truth thought specifically what it was, but it felt like it is our identity to act upon Confucianism idea.\r\nHaving experience a fair share working and understanding with people of two different mindset of both western and Chinese, I notice many differences in approaches that they go about when they do business.\r\nI can confirm based on personal experience from the above disceptation that Guangxi is the most important philosophy ahead of harmony within chinese businessmen, ha ving experience first hand of how connection can get you further ahead than the rest in business but also for western culture I experience and fancy how individualism is promoted, having seen this in many western quick food chain where employee of the month award was give and etc.\r\nIn conclusion, Confucianism I believe was, is and will be everywhere in Chinese business culture, the nature of Chinese culture that support and certain it are always going to be there as it is a philosophy that has become the norm within everyday life in China. as the future tilt closer to favor China as the world biggest economy it will exactly be the matter of time when Confucianism business culture spread and no longer be seen as a culture shock by the western civilizations.\r\nReferences\r\nEconomist, ‘Ideology in China Confucius makes a comeback’, Beijing, May 2007, ‘http://www. economist. com. hk/node/9202957’ Chang, E. , ‘East Meets West:understanding cultur al differences when doing business in china’, April twentieth ,2011, MeteringChina. com Li and Moreira, ‘The Influence of Confucianism and Buddhism on Chinese Business: the Case of Aveiro, Portugal’, university of Aveiro, Portugal, 2007, ‘http://www. immi. se/intercultural/nr19/tianbo. htm’ University of Florida, ‘CHINESE BUSINESS last? Confucian Business Ethics †General’, 2009, ‘http://secondchina. com/Learning_Modules/BUS_web/ limit/BUS_confucian_ethics. html’ Xu , ‘An introduction to Chinese Business culture’, 2007, Jinan University Press.\r\n'